Pig References

References for evidence of suffering

  1. Shutt D, Fell L, Connell R, Bell A, Wallace C & Smith A (1987), "Stress-induced changes in plasma concentrations of immunoreactive ß-endorphin and cortisol in response to routine surgical procedures in lambs", Australian Journal of Biological Sciences , vol 40 (97-103)

  2. Janssens C, Helmond F & Wiegant V (1994), "Increased cortisol response to exogenous adrenocorticotropic hormone in chronically stressed pigs: influence of housing conditions", Journal of Animal Science , vol 72 (1771-1777)

  3. Broom D & Johnson K (1993), Stress and Animal Welfare , Chapman & Hall, London

  4. Janssens C, Helmond F, Loyens L, Schouten W & Wiegant V (1995), "Chronic stress increases the opioid-mediated inhibition of the pituitary-adrenocortical response to acute stress in pigs", Endocrinology , vol 136 (1468-1473)

  5. Barnett J (1995), "The welfare of sows: housing options for dry sows", Report for the Pig Research and Development Corporation

  6. Broom D (1988), "The scientific assessment of animal welfare", Applied Animal Behaviour Science , vol 20 (5-19)

  7. Stevenson P (1999), The factory farming of pigs , Briefing by CIWF, June

  8. Barnett J, Hemsworth P, Winfield C & Fahy V (1987), "The effects of pregnancy and parity number on behavioural and physiological responses related to the welfare status of individual and group-housed pigs", Applied Animal Behaviour Science , vol 17 (229-243)

  9. Zanella A, Mendl M & Broom D (1991), "An investigation of the relationship between adrenal activity, social rank and immunocompetence in pregnant sows kept in different housing conditions", Applied Animal Behaviour Science , vol 30 (175-176)

  10. Carlstead K (1986), "Predictability of feeding: its effect on agonistic behaviour and growth in grower pigs", Applied Animal Behaviour Science , vol 16 (25-38)

  11. Dantzer R, Arnone M & Mormede P (1980), "Effects of frustration on behaviour and plasma corticosteroid levels in pigs", Physiology and Behavior , vol 24 (1-4)

  12. Van Putten G (1969), "An investigation into tail-biting among fattening pigs", British Veterinary Journal , vol 125 (511-517)

  13. Mason G (1991), "Stereotypies: a critical review", Animal Behaviour , vol 41 (1015-1037)

  14. Jensen P (1988), "Diurnal rhythm of bar-biting in relation to other behaviour in pregnant sows", Applied Animal Behaviour Science , vol 21 (337-346)

  15. Fraser D (1975), "The effect of straw on the behaviour of sows in tether stalls", Animal Production , vol 21 (59-68)

  16. Baxter M (1987), "Close confinement and distress in pregnant sows - an interpretation", Research and Development in Agriculture , vol 4 (161-163)

  17. Arellano P, Pijoan C, Jacobson L & Algers B (1992), "Stereotyped behaviour, social interactions and suckling pattern of pigs housed in groups or in single crates", Applied Animal Behaviour Science , vol 35 (157-166)

  18. Vieuille-Thomas C, Le Pape G & Signoret J (1995), "Stereotypies in pregnant sows: indications of influence of the housing system on the patterns expressed by the animals", Applied Animal Behaviour Science , vol 44 (19-27)

  19. Broom D, Mendl M & Zanella A (1995), "A comparison of the welfare of sows in different housing conditions", Animal Science , vol 61 (369-385)

  20. Von Borell E & Hurnik J (1991), "Stereotypic behavior, adrenocortical function, and open field behavior of individually confined gestating sows", Physiology and Behavior , vol 49 (709-713)

  21. Barnett J & Hemsworth P (1991), "The effects of individual and group housing on sexual behaviour and pregnancy in pigs", Animal Reproduction Science , vol 25 (265-273)

  22. Hemsworth P, Cronin G & Hansen C (1982), "The influence of social restriction during rearing on the sexual behaviour of the gilt", Animal Production , vol 49 (35-40)

  23. Schmidt E, Stevenson J & Davis D (1985), "Reproductive traits of sows penned individually or in groups until 35 days after breeding", Journal of Animal Science , vol 60 (755-759)

  24. Blackshaw J, Blackshaw A, Thomas F & Newman F (1994), "Comparison of behaviour patterns of sows and litters in a farrowing crate and a farrowing pen", Applied Animal Behaviour Science , vol 39 (281-295)

  25. Baxter M (1982), "The nesting behaviour of sows and its disturbance by confinement at farrowing" in W Bessei, Disturbed Behaviour in Farm Animals , Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart

  26. Hansen K & Curtis S (1981), "Prepartal activity of sows in stalls or pens", Journal of Animal Science , vol 51 (456-460)

  27. Marchant J & Broom D (1993), "The effects of dry sow housing conditions on responses to farrowing", Animal Production , vol 56 (475)

  28. Lawrence A, Petherick J, McLean K, Deans L, Chirnside J, Vaughan A, Clutton E & Terlouw E (1994), " The effect of environment on behaviour, plasma cortisol and prolactin in parturient sows", Applied Animal Behaviour Science , vol 39 (313-330)

  29. Meunier-Salaun M, Gort F, Prunier A & Schouten W (1991), "Behavioural patterns and progesterone, cortisol and prolactin levels around parturition in European (Large-White) and Chinese (Meishan) sows", Applied Animal Behaviour Science , vol 31 (43-59)

  30. Castren H, Algers B, de Passille A-M, Rushen J & Uvnas-Moberg K (1993), "Preparturient variation in progesterone, prolactin, oxytocin and somatostatin in relation to nest building in sows", Applied Animal Behaviour Science , vol 38 (91-102)

  31. Haskell M, Hutson G, Dickenson L & Palmer S (1997), "The pre-farrowing behaviour of sows with operant access to space for locomotion", Applied Animal Behaviour Science , vol 51 (51-58)

  32. Hutson G & Haskell M (1990), "The behaviour of farrowing sows with free and operant access to an earth floor", Applied Animal Behaviour Science , vol 26 (363-372)

  33. Arey D, Petchey A & Fowler V (1991), "The preparturient behaviour of sows in enriched pens and the effect of pre-formed nests", Applied Animal Behaviour Science , vol 31 (61-68)

  34. Arey D, Petchey A & Fowler V (1992a), "The effect of straw on farrowing site choice and nest building behaviour in sows", Animal Production , vol 54 (129-133)

  35. Meunier-Salaun M, Vantrimponte M Raab A & Dantzer R (1987), "Effect of floor area restriction upon performance, behavior and physiology of growing-finishing pigs", Journal of Animal Science , 1987, vol 64 (1371-1377)

  36. Pearce G & Paterson A (1993), "The effect of space restriction and provision of toys during rearing on the behaviour, productivity and physiology of male pigs", Applied Animal Behaviour Science , vol 36 (11-28)

  37. Randolph J, Cromwell G, Stahly T & Kratzer D (1981), "Effects of group size and space allowance on performance and behaviour of swine", Journal of Animal Science , vol 53 (922-928)

  38. Ewbank R & Bryant M (1972), "Aggressive behaviour amongst groups of domesticated pigs kept at various stocking densities", Animal Behaviour , vol 20 (21-28)

  39. Edwards S, Armsby A & Spechter H (1988), "Effects of floor area allowance on performance of growing pigs kept on fully slatted floors", Animal Production , vol 46 (453-459)

  40. Bryant M & Ewbank R (1974), "Effects of stocking rate upon the performance, general activity and ingestive behaviour of groups of growing pigs", British Veterinary Journal , vol 130 (139-149)

  41. Gonyou H & Stricklin W (1998), "Effects of floor area and group size on the productivity of growing/finishing pigs", Journal of Animal Science , vol 76 (1326-1330)

  42. Pope G (1994), "Tail biting: causes and cures", Milne's Pork Journal , July (16-18)

  43. Bure R (1985), "Distraction reduces tail biting", Pigs - Misset , May (24-25)

  44. Beattie V, Sneddon I & Walker N (1993), "Effect of environmental enrichment on behaviour, growth and meat quality in the domestic pig (Sus scrofa)", Animal Production , vol 56 (477)

  45. Beattie V, Walker N & Sneddon I (1995), "Effect of rearing environment and change of environment on the behaviour of gilts", Applied Animal Behaviour Science , vol 46 (57-65)

  46. Beattie V, Walker N & Sneddon I (1996a), "An investigation of the effect of environmental enrichment and space allowance on the behaviour and productivity of growing pigs", Applied Animal Behaviour Science , vol 48 (151-158)

  47. Beattie V, Walker N & Sneddon I (1996b), "A method of enrichment for intensive housing of growing pigs", Animal Science, vol 62 (677)

  48. Stevenson P, The tail docking of piglets, Report by CIWF Trust, July